Southeast Asia Exports to the US: Full Country and Product Breakdown With Section 301 Risk Context

Key Takeaways

• 7 Southeast Asian economies exported a combined $469.20 billion to the US in 2025 — led by Vietnam at $201.26B, Thailand at $94.44B, and Malaysia at $61.19B.
• Electronics (HS 84 and 85) account for over 50% of exports from Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Apparel and footwear dominate Cambodia and Indonesia.
• All seven countries are named in the USTR's March 2026 Section 301 investigations — with public hearings starting May 5, 2026 and potential tariff actions by mid-2026.
• Bill of lading records show extreme concentration: Samsung controls 40%+ of Vietnam's HS 8517 exports; Intel accounts for 75% of Malaysia's HS 8542; Indonesia's HS 8541 exports are almost entirely solar panels, not traditional semiconductors.

Why Southeast Asian Export Data Matters Now: Section 301 Context

On March 11, 2026, the USTR launched Section 301 investigations into 16 economies over structural excess manufacturing capacity. Six Southeast Asian nations — Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Cambodia, and Singapore — are on the list. A second investigation launched March 12 targeting 60 economies over forced labor adds the Philippines.

The comment deadline is April 15, 2026, hearings begin May 5, and USTR Jamieson Greer has indicated the goal is to conclude before the Section 122 tariffs expire in late July 2026. Targeted sectors include semiconductors, electronics, solar modules, batteries, steel, and automobiles.

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Southeast Asia Exports to the US: Total Value by Country

Country	2024 Value	2025 Value	YoY Change
Vietnam	$142.41B	$201.26B	+497.42%
Thailand	$66.03B	$94.44B	+505.16%
Malaysia	$53.80B	$61.19B	+179.94%
Singapore	$43.54B	$38.42B	-125.20%
Indonesia	$29.52B	$39.49B	+410.61%
Philippines	$14.58B	$18.22B	+299.03%
Cambodia	$13.35B	$16.18B	+267.24%

Vietnam alone accounts for 42.9% of the region's US-bound trade. The top three — Vietnam, Thailand, and Malaysia — make up 76.0%.

Vietnam Exports to the US: $201.26B

Vietnam is the largest Southeast Asian exporter to the US. Nearly 59% of all exports fall into electrical machinery (HS 85) and mechanical equipment (HS 84).

Top 5 Export Chapters

HS 85 — Electrical machinery: $61.92B (30.77%)

• HS 8517 (telephone equipment & parts): $31.16B — 50.32%
• HS 8518 (microphones, speakers, headphones): $5.64B — 9.12%
• HS 8528 (monitors, projectors, TVs): $3.20B — 5.17%

HS 84 — Machinery & mechanical appliances: $56.67B (28.16%)

• HS 8471 (computers & data processing): $34.37B — 60.66%
• HS 8473 (computer parts): $13.65B — 24.10%
• HS 8467 (hand tools): $1.64B — 2.90%

HS 94 — Furniture & lighting: $15.70B (7.80%)

• HS 9403 (furniture): $8.30B — 52.85%
• HS 9401 (seats): $6.12B — 39.00%
• HS 9405 (lamps & lighting): $1.03B — 6.58%

HS 61 — Knitted apparel: $9.84B (4.89%)

• HS 6110 (sweaters, pullovers): $2.52B — 25.55%
• HS 6104 (women's knitted suits/dresses): $1.82B — 18.53%
• HS 6108 (women's knitted slips/briefs): $817.29M — 8.30%

HS 64 — Footwear: $9.82B (4.88%)

• HS 6404 (textile-upper footwear): $3.97B — 40.39%
• HS 6403 (leather-upper footwear): $3.66B — 37.32%
• HS 6402 (rubber/plastic footwear): $1.97B — 20.05%

Vietnam's export structure tells two stories. The first is sheer scale: HS 8517 ($31.16B) and HS 8471 ($34.37B) together reach $65.53B — more than the entire export value of Malaysia or Indonesia. The second is breadth: furniture ($15.70B), apparel ($9.84B), and footwear ($9.82B) show Vietnam is not just an electronics assembly hub but a full-spectrum manufacturing economy. That breadth means Section 301 exposure extends well beyond tech — if tariffs target manufacturing broadly, Vietnam's labor-intensive sectors face collateral risk too.

Bill of Lading: Vietnam HS 8517 — Who Is Buying and Selling?

To understand who actually drives Vietnam's largest single product flow, bill of lading data reveals the companies behind the $31.16B in HS 8517. The top five US buyers control 73.35% of import value:

Rank	US Buyer	Import Value	Value Share	Shipments	Shipment Share
1	Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd	$7.64B	37.91%	38,723	14.81%
2	Cloud Network Technology Singapore (Foxconn)	$3.27B	16.21%	50,430	19.28%
3	Luxshare Precision Limited	$2.47B	12.26%	41,296	15.79%
4	Google LLC	$875.69M	4.35%	1,782	0.68%
5	Samsung Electronics America	$532.99M	2.65%	52,740	20.17%

The top five Vietnam exporters control 66.07%:

Rank	Vietnam Exporter	Export Value	Value Share	Shipments	Shipment Share
1	Samsung Electronics Vietnam Thai Nguyen	$5.20B	25.37%	31,556	12.00%
2	Samsung Electronics Vietnam	$3.14B	15.32%	77,245	29.37%
3	Luxshare-ICT Vietnam Limited	$2.44B	11.89%	39,109	14.87%
4	Fuyu Precision Component	$1.83B	8.93%	38,256	14.54%
5	Fushan Technology Vietnam	$934.57M	4.56%	3,056	1.16%

Samsung's two factories — Thai Nguyen ($5.20B) and Ho Chi Minh ($3.14B) — together ship $8.34B, over 40% of all HS 8517 from Vietnam to the US. But the shipment data reveals a nuance the value data misses: Samsung Electronics Vietnam (Ho Chi Minh) leads in shipment count at 77,245 — nearly 2.5x more shipments than the Thai Nguyen plant's 31,556 — yet ships less than 60% of the value. This suggests the Ho Chi Minh facility handles higher-frequency, lower-value-per-shipment components, while Thai Nguyen focuses on finished devices.

Luxshare-ICT ($2.44B, 39,109 shipments) and Fuyu Precision ($1.83B, 38,256 shipments) are contract manufacturers with roots in the Chinese supply chain. Their combined $4.27B represents production capacity that migrated from China to Vietnam — precisely the relocation pattern the USTR investigation scrutinizes. Google's presence at $875.69M but only 1,782 shipments (0.68% of total) points to high-value finished device shipments, likely Pixel phones assembled in Vietnam.

Thailand Exports to the US: $94.44B

Thailand is the second-largest exporter. HS 85 ($32.42B, 34.33%) and HS 84 ($31.28B, 33.12%) combine for 67.45% of total exports — plus significant rubber and automotive trade.

Top 5 Export Chapters

HS 85 — Electrical machinery: $32.42B (34.33%)

• HS 8517 (telephone equipment): $18.55B — 57.23%
• HS 8504 (transformers, converters): $3.29B — 10.16%
• HS 8543 (other electrical machines): $1.63B — 5.03%

HS 84 — Machinery & mechanical appliances: $31.28B (33.12%)

• HS 8471 (computers): $21.03B — 67.21%
• HS 8415 (air conditioning): $2.07B — 6.62%
• HS 8473 (computer parts): $1.54B — 4.92%

HS 40 — Rubber: $5.68B (6.02%)

• HS 4011 (new rubber tires): $4.01B — 70.54%
• HS 4015 (rubber gloves): $646.22M — 11.37%
• HS 4001 (natural rubber): $533.70M — 9.39%

HS 87 — Vehicles & parts: $2.68B (2.84%)

• HS 8708 (vehicle parts): $1.57B — 58.59%
• HS 8711 (motorcycles): $572.06M — 21.35%
• HS 8701 (tractors): $234.69M — 8.76%

HS 39 — Plastics: $2.06B (2.19%)

• HS 3918 (plastic floor coverings): $521.92M — 25.29%
• HS 3923 (plastic packing articles): $418.86M — 20.29%
• HS 3907 (polyacetals, epoxides): $290.07M — 14.05%

Thailand's rubber tires ($4.01B) and vehicle parts ($1.57B) add an automotive dimension — both explicitly listed as targeted sectors in the Section 301 investigation. What makes Thailand distinctive is how evenly its top two chapters split: HS 85 at $32.42B and HS 84 at $31.28B are nearly identical in size, but HS 84 is far more concentrated — a single 4-digit code (HS 8471, computers at $21.03B) accounts for 67.21% of the chapter, compared to HS 85 where the top code (HS 8517 at $18.55B) covers 57.23%. This concentration means any tariff action on computer hardware would hit Thailand's export base disproportionately hard.

Thailand's +505.16% year-over-year growth — the highest among all seven countries — also raises questions. A surge of this magnitude in a single year, particularly in electronics categories that overlap with China's export profile, is likely to attract USTR scrutiny as potential evidence of trade circumvention or capacity shift.

Indonesia Exports to the US: $39.49B

Indonesia has the most diversified profile. Electronics lead (HS 85, $8.90B, 22.53%), but footwear, apparel, and palm oil spread the risk across multiple sectors.

Top 5 Export Chapters

HS 85 — Electrical machinery: $8.90B (22.53%)

• HS 8541 (semiconductor devices): $3.68B — 41.33%
• HS 8543 (other electrical machines): $1.27B — 14.31%
• HS 8517 (telephone equipment): $1.14B — 12.82%

HS 64 — Footwear: $3.33B (8.42%)

• HS 6403 (leather footwear): $1.35B — 40.58%
• HS 6404 (textile footwear): $1.09B — 32.63%
• HS 6402 (rubber/plastic footwear): $874.50M — 26.28%

HS 61 — Knitted apparel: $2.80B (7.09%)

• HS 6110 (sweaters): $844.01M — 30.14%
• HS 6104 (women's knitted suits): $603.09M — 21.53%
• HS 6106 (women's knitted blouses): $219.82M — 7.85%

HS 15 — Fats & oils: $2.62B (6.62%)

• HS 1511 (palm oil): $1.59B — 60.78%
• HS 1513 (coconut/palm kernel oil): $837.04M — 32.00%
• HS 1518 (processed fats): $127.18M — 4.86%

HS 62 — Woven apparel: $2.39B (6.05%)

• HS 6204 (women's woven suits/dresses): $629.48M — 26.35%
• HS 6203 (men's woven suits): $418.92M — 17.54%
• HS 6212 (bras, girdles): $304.87M — 12.76%

Indonesia's palm oil (HS 15, $2.62B) is unique in the region — no other Southeast Asian country has significant fats/oils trade with the US. Apparel and footwear combined reach $8.52B — a major labor-intensive base. But the most interesting story is in HS 85: at $8.90B, Indonesia's electrical machinery exports are less than one-seventh of Vietnam's, yet the composition is completely different.

Where Vietnam's HS 85 is dominated by telecom equipment, Indonesia's is led by HS 8541 (semiconductor devices) at $3.68B (41.33% of the chapter). As the bill of lading data below reveals, this "semiconductor" trade is not what it appears.

Bill of Lading: Indonesia HS 8541 — Solar Panels, Not Chips

Indonesia's $3.68B in HS 8541 looks like a semiconductor story. Bill of lading data tells a different story — nearly every company has "Solar" in its name. HS 8541 includes photovoltaic cells, confirming these exports are overwhelmingly solar panels and PV modules.

Rank	US Buyer	Import Value	Value Share	Shipments	Shipment Share
1	BYD H K Co Ltd	$245.86M	14.33%	470	6.96%
2	Nova Solar America Inc	$240.29M	14.00%	514	7.62%
3	Rosemary New Energy Inc	$208.94M	12.17%	518	7.68%
4	Elite Solar Power Holding	$120.07M	7.00%	776	11.50%
5	DT Solar Energy Cayman Ltd	$94.93M	5.53%	186	2.76%

Rank	Indonesia Exporter	Export Value	Value Share	Shipments	Shipment Share
1	PT. REC Solar Energy Indonesia	$396.94M	23.07%	847	12.33%
2	PT. Allianz Solar Indonesia	$292.13M	16.98%	741	10.78%
3	PT Jaya Electrical Energy	$224.36M	13.04%	497	7.23%
4	PT MSUN Solar Indonesia	$137.32M	7.98%	313	4.56%
5	PT. Blue Sky Solar Indonesia	$118.44M	6.88%	720	10.48%

BYD — the Chinese EV and battery giant — tops the buyer list. The USTR explicitly lists solar modules as a targeted sector, and Chinese solar manufacturers have shifted production to Southeast Asia to avoid earlier tariffs — making this one of the highest-risk flows under Section 301.

Malaysia Exports to the US: $61.19B

Over half of Malaysia's exports are electrical machinery (HS 85, $31.16B, 50.92%), with integrated circuits (HS 8542, $10.70B) as the single largest product.

Top 5 Export Chapters

HS 85 — Electrical machinery: $31.16B (50.92%)

• HS 8542 (integrated circuits): $10.70B — 34.33%
• HS 8517 (telephone equipment): $7.07B — 22.70%
• HS 8523 (recording media): $3.08B — 9.87%

HS 84 — Machinery & mechanical appliances: $11.32B (18.49%)

• HS 8473 (computer parts): $5.42B — 47.92%
• HS 8443 (printers): $2.13B — 18.78%
• HS 8471 (computers): $1.05B — 9.32%

HS 90 — Optical & medical instruments: $4.41B (7.21%)

• HS 9018 (medical instruments): $1.35B — 30.56%
• HS 9030 (oscilloscopes, analyzers): $971.02M — 22.01%
• HS 9027 (analysis instruments): $626.49M — 14.20%

HS 40 — Rubber: $2.08B (3.40%)

• HS 4015 (rubber gloves): $1.69B — 81.04%
• HS 4011 (rubber tires): $186.16M — 8.94%
• HS 4001 (natural rubber): $80.29M — 3.85%

HS 94 — Furniture & lighting: $1.94B (3.18%)

• HS 9403 (furniture): $1.43B — 73.51%
• HS 9401 (seats): $296.27M — 15.24%
• HS 9405 (lamps & lighting): $187.80M — 9.66%

Malaysia's rubber gloves (HS 4015, $1.69B) and medical instruments (HS 90, $4.41B) give it a distinctive healthcare supply chain exposure beyond the manufacturing overcapacity narrative. But the story that matters most for Section 301 is the extreme single-chapter dependency: HS 85 alone at $31.16B accounts for more than half of all Malaysia-to-US trade. Within that, just two 4-digit codes — HS 8542 ($10.70B) and HS 8517 ($7.07B) — represent 57.03% of the chapter. Any tariff action on electronics or semiconductors would hit Malaysia's trade relationship with the US at its core.

Bill of Lading: Malaysia HS 8542 — Intel's Single-Company Dominance

Malaysia's $10.70B in integrated circuits has the most extreme concentration in this analysis. Bill of lading records show Intel alone controls over 75%:

Rank	US Buyer	Import Value	Value Share	Shipments	Shipment Share
1	Intel Corporation	$1.49B	75.22%	1,462	11.04%
2	Avant Technology	$174.47M	8.79%	427	3.22%
3	Avnet Inc	$68.13M	3.43%	376	2.84%
4	Advanced Micro Devices Inc	$28.07M	1.41%	60	0.45%
5	Wiwynn International Corp	$25.71M	1.30%	39	0.29%

Rank	Malaysia Exporter	Export Value	Value Share	Shipments	Shipment Share
1	Intel Technology Sdn. Bhd	$1.49B	71.66%	1,288	7.18%
2	Micron Memory Malaysia Sdn Bhd	$271.69M	13.06%	1,639	9.13%
3	TF AMD Microelectronics Penang	$64.05M	3.08%	80	0.45%
4	TF AMD Microelectronics PG	$32.01M	1.54%	55	0.31%
5	Renesas Int'l Operations Sdn. Bhd	$26.97M	1.30%	411	2.29%

Intel Penang ($1.49B) and Micron Malaysia ($271.69M) together account for 84.72%. AMD's two Penang facilities add another 4.62%.

A notable detail in the shipment data: Micron leads Intel in shipment count (1,639 vs. 1,288) despite shipping only 18% of Intel's value — indicating high-frequency, lower-value memory product shipments vs. Intel's higher-value processor shipments. Renesas, the Japanese semiconductor firm, adds $26.97M across 411 shipments, representing legacy automotive and industrial chip production.

The implication for Section 301 is paradoxical: Malaysia's IC trade with the US is essentially American and Japanese semiconductor companies shipping from their own overseas fabs. Tariffs on Malaysian ICs would function as a tax on Intel's, Micron's, and AMD's own supply chains — raising costs for US data centers, PC manufacturers, and automotive OEMs that depend on these chips.

Cambodia, Philippines, Singapore: Key Export Industries

These three countries have smaller or more specialized export profiles. Below is a summary of each country's top product categories.

Cambodia: $16.18B — Apparel and Travel Goods

Cambodia has virtually no electronics exposure. Its exports are labor-intensive consumer goods:

• HS 61 (knitted apparel): $3.67B, 22.66% — led by HS 6110 sweaters ($1.33B, 36.17%)
• HS 42 (leather/travel goods): $2.22B, 13.69% — HS 4202 handbags/luggage dominates at $2.04B (91.97%)
• HS 94 (furniture/lighting): $1.77B, 10.94% — led by HS 9405 lighting ($850.13M, 48.02%)
• HS 62 (woven apparel): $1.40B, 8.67% — led by HS 6204 women's dresses ($561.05M, 40.01%)
• HS 64 (footwear): $1.40B, 8.65% — led by HS 6403 leather footwear ($720.84M, 51.51%)

Cambodia's manufacturing overcapacity risk under Section 301 is low — apparel and travel goods are not among the USTR's targeted sectors.

Philippines: $18.22B — Mid-Stream Electronics Components

HS 85 and HS 84 together account for 68.54% of Philippine exports to the US, but the product mix skews toward components rather than finished devices:

• HS 85 (electrical machinery): $8.28B, 45.43% — led by HS 8504 transformers ($2.24B, 27.00%) and HS 8544 cables ($1.25B, 15.12%)
• HS 84 (machinery): $4.21B, 23.11% — led by HS 8473 computer parts ($1.80B, 42.78%) and HS 8471 computers ($1.22B, 28.91%)
• HS 15 (fats/oils): $766.96M, 4.21% — HS 1513 coconut oil at $754.50M (98.38%)
• HS 98 (special provisions): $606.48M, 3.33%
• HS 90 (optical/medical): $573.51M, 3.15% — led by HS 9001 optical fibers ($105.21M, 18.34%)

Singapore: $38.42B — Pharma and IP, Not Manufacturing

Singapore is the only country where exports declined year-over-year (-125.20%). Its profile is fundamentally different from the rest of the region:

• HS 30 (pharmaceuticals): $10.94B, 28.48% — HS 3002 vaccines/blood products at $6.96B (63.63%)
• HS 90 (optical/medical): $4.92B, 12.82% — led by HS 9019 therapy appliances ($1.78B, 36.21%)
• HS 98 (special provisions): $4.28B, 11.14%
• HS 84 (machinery): $3.78B, 9.83% — led by HS 8586 semiconductor equipment ($1.42B, 37.54%)
• HS 85 (electrical machinery): $3.64B, 9.49% — led by HS 8523 recording media ($1.38B, 37.75%)

Singapore has disputed the USTR's trade surplus figures, citing Bureau of Economic Analysis data showing Singapore runs a deficit with the US when services are included. Its pharma- and IP-heavy export base sits outside the manufacturing overcapacity focus of the investigation.

What Should Traders Do Now?

• Audit your supply chain by origin country. If you import electronics, footwear, apparel, solar panels, or machinery from these seven countries, map how much volume comes from each.
• Identify your highest-exposure HS codes. Cross-reference against the USTR's targeted sectors: semiconductors, electronics, solar modules, batteries, steel, and automobiles.
• Check supplier concentration. If your top supplier is a subsidiary of a Chinese manufacturer that relocated to Southeast Asia, you carry elevated Section 301 risk.
• Monitor the May 5 hearings. The hearings at the US International Trade Commission will signal which countries and sectors face the strongest tariff case.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Which Southeast Asian country exports the most to the US?

A: Vietnam is the largest at $201.26B in 2025 — more than Thailand ($94.44B) and Malaysia ($61.19B) combined. Vietnam's exports concentrate in telephone equipment (HS 8517, $31.16B) and computers (HS 8471, $34.37B), making it the most exposed economy if Section 301 tariffs materialize.

Q: What products does Southeast Asia mainly export to the US?

A: Electrical machinery (HS 85) and mechanical equipment (HS 84) dominate exports from Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines — over 50% of each country's US-bound trade. Cambodia exports primarily apparel and travel goods. Indonesia is the most diversified with electronics, footwear, apparel, and palm oil. Singapore is led by pharmaceuticals and medical devices.

Q: How can I find out which companies export from Southeast Asia to the US?

A: Bill of lading data shows the actual exporter and importer names on each shipment. For example, Vietnam's HS 8517 exports are dominated by Samsung's two Vietnamese factories (40%+ of value), while Malaysia's HS 8542 exports are 75% Intel. This company-level detail is not available in standard government statistics — platforms like yTrade provide this data.

Q: When could Section 301 tariffs on Southeast Asia take effect?

A: USTR Jamieson Greer has indicated the goal is to conclude investigations before the Section 122 tariffs expire in late July 2026. Public hearings begin May 5. Tariff actions could be announced in mid-to-late 2026, depending on investigation outcomes and bilateral negotiations.

Q: Is Indonesia's HS 8541 export really semiconductors?

A: HS 8541 covers semiconductor devices including photovoltaic cells. Bill of lading data shows Indonesia's HS 8541 exports to the US are almost entirely solar panels and PV modules — the top buyers and exporters are all solar energy companies. This is significant because solar modules are explicitly listed as a Section 301 targeted sector, and Chinese solar manufacturers have relocated production to Indonesia to circumvent earlier US tariffs.